Macro photography is the ultra close-up photography (close-up images with less than 10 diameters magnification), usually of very small things as subjects such as living organisms like insects in which finished photograph of a subject that is greater than life size. It is done with a macro lens capable of reproduction ratios of at least 1:1.
Some relevant information extracted from Wikipedia goes as follows
These days digital cameras have macro capabilities rivaling a DSLR with a real macro lens. For a hobbyist, a reasonable digital camera, despite having a lower reproduction ratio, are making macro photography more widely accessible at a lower cost.
Further more, macro-lenses, which are specifically designed for close-up work having long barrel for close focusing and optimized for high reproduction ratios, are available common tools for macro photography.
Continuously-variable focal length – suitable for virtually all macro subjects
45–65 mm – product photography, small objects that can be approached closely without causing undesirable influence, and scenes requiring natural background perspective
90–105 mm – insects, flowers, and small objects from a comfortable distance
150–200 mm – insects and other small animals where additional working distance is required
Extending the distance between the lens and the film or sensor, by inserting either extension tubes or a continuously adjustable bellows, is another equipment option for macro photography. The further the lens is from the film or sensor, the closer the focusing distance, the greater the magnification, and the darker the image given the same aperture.
Placing an auxiliary close-up lens (or close-up "filter") in front of the camera's lens is another option. Inexpensive screw-in or slip-on attachments provide close focusing.
Increasingly, macro photography is accomplished using compact digital cameras and small-sensor bridge cameras, combined with a high powered zoom lens and (optionally) a close-up diopter lens added to the front of the camera lens. The deep depth of field of these cameras is an advantage for macro work.
Inset collage is my attempt on macro photography with a smart phone.
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