How do birds produce vocal sound: A short note and a micro video on chirping sound

Birds produce a variety of vocal sounds of which 'chirping' is most common. However, birds also following other sounds such as:

• Rattling, whistling, trilling, croaking, drumming, dueting, peeping, cheeping, squawking, chattering, quacking, etc.

Some birds make noises like

• Cawing, clucking, screeching, throaty hissing, trilling, buzzing

Some birds can also trained to do limited talking, singing, raising alarm and making specific calls

Parakeets have verbal areas in the brain which is limited to mimicry and lowest order of communications limited to conveying pain, fear, danger, etc.

Birds produce vocal through a unique organ called syrinx which is located at the top their windpipe. The air that comes in through the windpipe causes syrinx's thin membranes to vibrate and produce sound.

Member can be tensed to change frequency of sound and birds can also control the spurts of gushing air from the wind pipe.